The government’s civil legal aid cuts
were badly researched and implemented, and have impeded access to
justice, an influential committee of MPs reports today.
The House
of Commons justice committee says that the speed with which the Ministry
of Justice sought to save money resulted in the department failing to
meet its objectives for the reforms.
The consequences have been a ‘substantial’ increase in
litigants in person, growing pressure on the courts, a fall in mediation
and troubling reports of ‘advice deserts’.
Since the Legal Aid,
Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act took effect there has also
been an underspend because the MoJ did not ensure those who could still
access civil legal aid were able to get it.
The cross-party
committee of MPs says government’s savings were ‘potentially undermined’
by an inability to show value for money for the taxpayer. In particular
the cuts generated ‘knock-on’ costs for courts costs and local
councils.
The MPs also criticise the government’s ‘safety net’ of
exceptional case funding, which has not worked as intended, denying
funding to deserving cases. The report concludes that the Legal Aid
Agency failed to give sufficient weight to access to justice in deciding
which cases merited funding, which may have resulted in miscarriages of
justice.
Lib Dem Sir Alan Beith, committee chair (pictured), said
making savings of £2bn from the departmental budget of £9.8bn was
‘clearly a very challenging target’ which was successfully achieved. But
the savings were rushed through too quickly to understand the full
consequences and prepare for the knock-on effects.
The criticisms are contained in a report on the impact of changes to civil legal aid introduced under Part 1 of LASPO.
‘Many
of the issues which we have identified and which have been identified
to us could have been avoided by research and an evidence base to work
from, as well as by the proper provision of public information about the
reforms,’ the report concludes.
‘It is therefore crucial that, in
addition to the various remedial steps which we recommend in the short
term, in the longer term the ministry work to provide this information
and undertake the requisite research so a review of the policy can be
undertaken.’
The committee recommends that the MoJ undertake a
public campaign to combat the widespread impression that legal aid is
‘almost non-existent’.
MPs want staffing changes for the
exceptional case funding scheme, having been ‘surprised’ that
applications are not currently determined by officials with specialist
knowledge.
On domestic violence, the committee cites concerns
about the 24-month time limit for producing the evidence necessary to
qualify for legal aid. MPs recommended a new amendment to give the LAA
discretion to allow evidence if domestic violence happened more than two
years ago.
The committee did not accept the ministry’s assurance
that it was monitoring whether vulnerable people can still access legal
aid, as there was ‘ample evidence’ that funding was not reaching those
most in need.
The committee also urges the government to drop its
appeal over the legality of its residence test, which limits legal aid
to people with a ‘strong connection’ to the UK.
The report adds:
‘We question whether pursuing an appeal in the “residence test” case is a
good use of public money. It seems to us that the residence test is
likely to save very little from the civil legal aid budget and would
potentially bar some highly vulnerable people from legal assistance in
accessing the courts.’
An MoJ spokesperson said the government
worked closely with organisations that provide advice and offer early
intervention in disputes to ensure they have the full information they
need to help people, and there is a dedicated 24/7 online service to
help people understand if they qualify for civil legal aid and where
advice is available if they do not.
He added: ‘We are keeping
these reforms under close review and have already made changes to
address issues raised. We are also undertaking a comprehensive research
programme to better understand why people choose to go court and how
they deal with legal problems.’
Law Society president Andrew
Caplen said: ‘We support the justice committee’s call for an urgent
review. The Society has consistently warned the government of the
dangers of its civil legal aid policies. This report adds to the growing
dossier of evidence proving that the legal aid changes have failed to
meet the government’s own objectives.
‘There is no doubt that
people are being denied access to justice. Recent research has shown
that many domestic violence victims are being failed by the system as
they face tough evidence requirements before they can even receive
advice and assistance under the legal aid scheme. This goes far beyond
what parliament ever intended.
He added: ‘The report highlights
that even for cases where parliament intended that legal aid should be
available, the system is not working, and people are being denied the
help they need. This is having a significant knock-on cost for the
public purse, as well as a devastating personal impact on people who
cannot get help.’
Readers' comments (6)
I'm old enough to know actions don't have one single consequence, they spread out, set up events and change lives far in to the future. The grown ups of the 30s, 40s and 50s made huge sacrifices to create a fairer society, to curtail the power of the bully, to rid us of corruption. We're making a mistake abandoning that cause.
The cuts have failed to provide support to those who need it most, setting the stone for the wealthy - almost making them untouchable. Many litigants-in-person simply do not have a disposable income to be running up extortionate legal fees - whether or not their claim is one of great substance. Instead, litigants' are scared. Litigants' are denied the right to fair justice. Litigants' remain unrepresented.
After all, on the the nation's constitutional standpoints is held within the Magna Carta 1215: "To no one will we sell, to no one deny or delay right or justice." -- an averagely prudent layperson can spot the demise.
Paul Hawkins